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	<title>Comments on: Extinction of the Passenger Pigeons</title>
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		<title>By: Brdbrain</title>
		<link>http://www.damninteresting.com/extinction-of-the-passenger-pigeons/#comment-26575</link>
		<dc:creator>Brdbrain</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 15 Jul 2011 12:32:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.damninteresting.com/?p=603#comment-26575</guid>
		<description>Probably too late to comment.  I read all comments with interest.  
It is possible to kill many birds with one shot.  Especially the passenger pigeon which traveled in compact masses.  Shooting into the flock killed a few birds, but the resulting effect was like someone shooting into a group of racing motorcycles (no, I don&#039;t hate motorcycles).  When one goes down, it takes many more in the pack with it.  Traveling at speeds of over 60 mph, many birds in the vicinity of those shot would be injured by displacement.  And the guns they used were more like cannon filled with grapeshot.
I don&#039;t consider those who made their living killing pigeons to be &#039;hunters&#039;.  Their intent was wanton slaughter of entire flocks.  There was no intent in &#039;fair chase&#039;.
As the forests they were dependent upon for nesting and food were destroyed, they became a &#039;pest species&#039; to those trying to eke a living from a hard land.  As stated by others, there were no grocery stores as we have today.  What they wore, what they ate came from the land.  If you had planted a crop to feed your family and saw 3 million hungry birds coming toward your fields, it wasn&#039;t simply a matter of inconveinence.  It was the difference between feeding your family for the coming winter or starvation.
That being said, there were many people who spoke out against the random killing and did manage to get laws passed to prevent it.  Unfortunately, none of the laws were ever enforced.
I am former rabid anti-hunter who has changed my views based upon what I have learned from nature over the years.  Nature&#039;s controls of overpopulation are far more cruel than hunting by man.
We are capable of great cruelty.  But we are also capable of great acts of kindness.  Complaining about the loss of species without getting involved in saving at least one species makes us as cupable as those who destroy habitat and/or ignore the needs of wildlife.
Complacency of the mass population to the plight of the passenger pigeon had as much to do with their extinction as clearing the forests.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Probably too late to comment.  I read all comments with interest.<br />
It is possible to kill many birds with one shot.  Especially the passenger pigeon which traveled in compact masses.  Shooting into the flock killed a few birds, but the resulting effect was like someone shooting into a group of racing motorcycles (no, I don&#8217;t hate motorcycles).  When one goes down, it takes many more in the pack with it.  Traveling at speeds of over 60 mph, many birds in the vicinity of those shot would be injured by displacement.  And the guns they used were more like cannon filled with grapeshot.<br />
I don&#8217;t consider those who made their living killing pigeons to be &#8216;hunters&#8217;.  Their intent was wanton slaughter of entire flocks.  There was no intent in &#8216;fair chase&#8217;.<br />
As the forests they were dependent upon for nesting and food were destroyed, they became a &#8216;pest species&#8217; to those trying to eke a living from a hard land.  As stated by others, there were no grocery stores as we have today.  What they wore, what they ate came from the land.  If you had planted a crop to feed your family and saw 3 million hungry birds coming toward your fields, it wasn&#8217;t simply a matter of inconveinence.  It was the difference between feeding your family for the coming winter or starvation.<br />
That being said, there were many people who spoke out against the random killing and did manage to get laws passed to prevent it.  Unfortunately, none of the laws were ever enforced.<br />
I am former rabid anti-hunter who has changed my views based upon what I have learned from nature over the years.  Nature&#8217;s controls of overpopulation are far more cruel than hunting by man.<br />
We are capable of great cruelty.  But we are also capable of great acts of kindness.  Complaining about the loss of species without getting involved in saving at least one species makes us as cupable as those who destroy habitat and/or ignore the needs of wildlife.<br />
Complacency of the mass population to the plight of the passenger pigeon had as much to do with their extinction as clearing the forests.</p>
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		<title>By: artstone</title>
		<link>http://www.damninteresting.com/extinction-of-the-passenger-pigeons/#comment-26179</link>
		<dc:creator>artstone</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 07 Sep 2010 08:56:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.damninteresting.com/?p=603#comment-26179</guid>
		<description>The author&#039;s claim was &quot;birds that flew so close that 50 could be brought down with a single blast&quot;.  The evidence to back up that claim was for shooting 40+ per shot with birds standing in a group on the ground.   Those are very different claims.  &quot;Could be&quot; reeks of exaggeration typical of sporting enthusiasts.   &quot;I could have caught 1,000 trout in a day if I hadn&#039;t quit after an 15 minutes&quot;, etc...</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The author&#8217;s claim was &#8220;birds that flew so close that 50 could be brought down with a single blast&#8221;.  The evidence to back up that claim was for shooting 40+ per shot with birds standing in a group on the ground.   Those are very different claims.  &#8220;Could be&#8221; reeks of exaggeration typical of sporting enthusiasts.   &#8220;I could have caught 1,000 trout in a day if I hadn&#8217;t quit after an 15 minutes&#8221;, etc&#8230;</p>
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		<title>By: dach</title>
		<link>http://www.damninteresting.com/extinction-of-the-passenger-pigeons/#comment-25934</link>
		<dc:creator>dach</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Mar 2010 20:46:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.damninteresting.com/?p=603#comment-25934</guid>
		<description>[quote] I still hope Science can reconstruct the DNA and produce a passenger pigeon in the near future.  There are enuf museum specimens to yield useful samples.
[/quote]

Unfortunately, based on recent discovery of epigenetics I don&#039;t think we will be bringing any extinct species back anytime soon, if ever.  According to epigenetics there is a whole other chemical instruction set that operates the dna, that determines how living multicellular organism develop, and these chemical instructions are provided by the mother, the environment and other factors, not captured in dna.

As to posters quoting 1491 as arguing there where far few passenger pigeons;; I am unconvinced Mann&#039;s speculation that North America, where PP ranged, was home to a massive native human population, and thus controlled animal population.  Mass human settlements rivaling Europe, Asia, Africa, Central America going back centuries would surely have left far more evidence, even if as oral history among remaining North American tribes, especially in relatively untouched Canada and Alaska.  I think lack of human-pigeon interaction was because moderate number of native americans didn&#039;t need to target, or even avoided, massive flocks of always migrating passenger pigeons to live on, as there was enough uncultivated land shared by human and creature alike (think of african savanna).</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[quote] I still hope Science can reconstruct the DNA and produce a passenger pigeon in the near future.  There are enuf museum specimens to yield useful samples.<br />
[/quote]</p>
<p>Unfortunately, based on recent discovery of epigenetics I don&#8217;t think we will be bringing any extinct species back anytime soon, if ever.  According to epigenetics there is a whole other chemical instruction set that operates the dna, that determines how living multicellular organism develop, and these chemical instructions are provided by the mother, the environment and other factors, not captured in dna.</p>
<p>As to posters quoting 1491 as arguing there where far few passenger pigeons;; I am unconvinced Mann&#8217;s speculation that North America, where PP ranged, was home to a massive native human population, and thus controlled animal population.  Mass human settlements rivaling Europe, Asia, Africa, Central America going back centuries would surely have left far more evidence, even if as oral history among remaining North American tribes, especially in relatively untouched Canada and Alaska.  I think lack of human-pigeon interaction was because moderate number of native americans didn&#8217;t need to target, or even avoided, massive flocks of always migrating passenger pigeons to live on, as there was enough uncultivated land shared by human and creature alike (think of african savanna).</p>
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		<title>By: Michael Cochrane</title>
		<link>http://www.damninteresting.com/extinction-of-the-passenger-pigeons/#comment-25931</link>
		<dc:creator>Michael Cochrane</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 23 Mar 2010 20:10:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.damninteresting.com/?p=603#comment-25931</guid>
		<description>I have read everythng in print about this bird - have been fasinated since a small child.  My dad remembers when the ducks used to blot out the sun and destroy the cornfeilds (grasshoppers too) along the Platte River flyway (circa 1915). The locals killed enough to eat but the Isaac Waltoners shot thme all day long and allowed them to float down the river.  A roving correspondent for the London Penny Magazine 1821 (in my possession) describes the breeding habits of the wild pigeons along the Ohio river bottoms.  I still hope Science can reconstruct the DNA and produce a passenger pigeon in the near future.  There are enuf museum specimens to yield useful samples.

Cochrane04</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I have read everythng in print about this bird &#8211; have been fasinated since a small child.  My dad remembers when the ducks used to blot out the sun and destroy the cornfeilds (grasshoppers too) along the Platte River flyway (circa 1915). The locals killed enough to eat but the Isaac Waltoners shot thme all day long and allowed them to float down the river.  A roving correspondent for the London Penny Magazine 1821 (in my possession) describes the breeding habits of the wild pigeons along the Ohio river bottoms.  I still hope Science can reconstruct the DNA and produce a passenger pigeon in the near future.  There are enuf museum specimens to yield useful samples.</p>
<p>Cochrane04</p>
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		<title>By: fluke</title>
		<link>http://www.damninteresting.com/extinction-of-the-passenger-pigeons/#comment-22615</link>
		<dc:creator>fluke</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 27 Aug 2008 07:39:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.damninteresting.com/?p=603#comment-22615</guid>
		<description>From all sides of the arguement the extinction of a species is a bad thing.
For a species to be successfull it needs to live in harmony with its environment or the self desstruction of its environment will leed to its demise ( this could be mankinds downfall ).

If you love to kill animals, leave some for others to kill, have respect for your fellow and future hunters or youre not a true hunter.

If you like animals, protect them for future generations to like.

Who knows? the cure for terminal illnesses may be buried with the last of a dead species.

The people who shot the last lot of birds new they were going to be extinct but did so anyway.
We havent changed a bit and we havent learned a thing, only very very recently we killed an etire species of black rhino.

Trying to convince some people that a species has the right to exist is like trying to convince Hitler that Jews have a right to exist, and had he succeeded there probably would have been people posting messages stating how they find it hard to have sympathy for the extinct people.

Its better to hunt and eat a wild animal that has had a life of freedom than pay people to raise battery farmed animals fed on hormones and steroids, but do so humanely in respectful moderation.

If anything I have said has been hypocritical I don&#039;t care, if I were scared of being a hypocrit I would be scared to change my mind and would thus be narrow minded.

This discussion reminds me of the film &quot;hard target&quot;, where men were hunted for sport and scenes in the film featured john woo&#039;s trademark pidgeons.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>From all sides of the arguement the extinction of a species is a bad thing.<br />
For a species to be successfull it needs to live in harmony with its environment or the self desstruction of its environment will leed to its demise ( this could be mankinds downfall ).</p>
<p>If you love to kill animals, leave some for others to kill, have respect for your fellow and future hunters or youre not a true hunter.</p>
<p>If you like animals, protect them for future generations to like.</p>
<p>Who knows? the cure for terminal illnesses may be buried with the last of a dead species.</p>
<p>The people who shot the last lot of birds new they were going to be extinct but did so anyway.<br />
We havent changed a bit and we havent learned a thing, only very very recently we killed an etire species of black rhino.</p>
<p>Trying to convince some people that a species has the right to exist is like trying to convince Hitler that Jews have a right to exist, and had he succeeded there probably would have been people posting messages stating how they find it hard to have sympathy for the extinct people.</p>
<p>Its better to hunt and eat a wild animal that has had a life of freedom than pay people to raise battery farmed animals fed on hormones and steroids, but do so humanely in respectful moderation.</p>
<p>If anything I have said has been hypocritical I don&#8217;t care, if I were scared of being a hypocrit I would be scared to change my mind and would thus be narrow minded.</p>
<p>This discussion reminds me of the film &#8220;hard target&#8221;, where men were hunted for sport and scenes in the film featured john woo&#8217;s trademark pidgeons.</p>
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		<title>By: Bill N</title>
		<link>http://www.damninteresting.com/extinction-of-the-passenger-pigeons/#comment-20706</link>
		<dc:creator>Bill N</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 26 Mar 2008 10:01:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.damninteresting.com/?p=603#comment-20706</guid>
		<description>Its incorrect to say the passenger pigeon didnt breed in captivity it was 
bred by Professor Whitman of Chicagio in 1904 on a number of occasions 
as it was elsewhere but in-breeding was endemic as each pigeon fancier did not seek fresh blood ,and there was no national register or recovery plan  involving captive breeding . Professor&#039;s Whitman&#039;s passenger pigeon collection declined to one . Martha the last passenger pigeon and he donated her  to Cincinnato zoo  where they had a male but he was too old to breed.
due to</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Its incorrect to say the passenger pigeon didnt breed in captivity it was<br />
bred by Professor Whitman of Chicagio in 1904 on a number of occasions<br />
as it was elsewhere but in-breeding was endemic as each pigeon fancier did not seek fresh blood ,and there was no national register or recovery plan  involving captive breeding . Professor&#8217;s Whitman&#8217;s passenger pigeon collection declined to one . Martha the last passenger pigeon and he donated her  to Cincinnato zoo  where they had a male but he was too old to breed.<br />
due to</p>
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		<title>By: dogu4</title>
		<link>http://www.damninteresting.com/extinction-of-the-passenger-pigeons/#comment-16386</link>
		<dc:creator>dogu4</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 21 Jul 2007 18:47:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.damninteresting.com/?p=603#comment-16386</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;Fascinating story, and one that I&#039;ve long wondered about. Recently I came across speculation that prior to the eradication of about 90% of Native Americans following their exposure to European diseases, these tribal people who long cultivated or &quot;husbanded&quot; the &quot;wild-lands&quot; also limitd the pigeons&#039; ability to overrun their habitat.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;There are many tales in the de-wilding of the New World that are largely un-reported since basic  biology, let alone ecology as we know it, were yet to be practiced scientifically. A tremendous example has been documented in Farley Mowat&#039;s &quot;Sea of Slaughter&quot; in which he recounts the exterpation of the Esquimo Curlew , just one of many less well known than the famous Passenger Pigeon,which at one time likewise numbered in the billions following a migration path that reached from Alaska to Newfoundland to the Caribbean.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Fascinating story, and one that I&#8217;ve long wondered about. Recently I came across speculation that prior to the eradication of about 90% of Native Americans following their exposure to European diseases, these tribal people who long cultivated or &#8220;husbanded&#8221; the &#8220;wild-lands&#8221; also limitd the pigeons&#8217; ability to overrun their habitat.</p>
<p>There are many tales in the de-wilding of the New World that are largely un-reported since basic  biology, let alone ecology as we know it, were yet to be practiced scientifically. A tremendous example has been documented in Farley Mowat&#8217;s &#8220;Sea of Slaughter&#8221; in which he recounts the exterpation of the Esquimo Curlew , just one of many less well known than the famous Passenger Pigeon,which at one time likewise numbered in the billions following a migration path that reached from Alaska to Newfoundland to the Caribbean.</p>
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		<title>By: spencer</title>
		<link>http://www.damninteresting.com/extinction-of-the-passenger-pigeons/#comment-16375</link>
		<dc:creator>spencer</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 20 Jul 2007 15:08:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.damninteresting.com/?p=603#comment-16375</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;You know who all the animal rights people  should really be worried about.  Lions!!!!  Have you ever seen a Lion kill a gazelle.  That is the most inhuman thing I have ever seen.  Once they dig their teeth into its neck they just kinda hang out with it until it dies a slow horrific death,  or they start eating it before it&#039;s dead.  The point I&#039;m trying to make here is that it&#039;s OK for humans to kill animals, or for other animals to kill animals!!!  It&#039;s how things work!!!  If you are a vegetarian because you think killing and eating animals is bad (I know vegetarians that just dont like the taste of meat) than you are living in a dream world.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;

The way I see things is that believing in God or not is what really distinguishes people.  For example,  If you do not believe in God than we are just really smart Apes!!  So what right do we have to take land away from other animals or kill them or make them our slaves?  If you do believe in God than you believe all animals were created for us and we have rights that they don&#039;t have like the right to not be killed.     &lt;/p&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>You know who all the animal rights people  should really be worried about.  Lions!!!!  Have you ever seen a Lion kill a gazelle.  That is the most inhuman thing I have ever seen.  Once they dig their teeth into its neck they just kinda hang out with it until it dies a slow horrific death,  or they start eating it before it&#8217;s dead.  The point I&#8217;m trying to make here is that it&#8217;s OK for humans to kill animals, or for other animals to kill animals!!!  It&#8217;s how things work!!!  If you are a vegetarian because you think killing and eating animals is bad (I know vegetarians that just dont like the taste of meat) than you are living in a dream world.  </p>
<p>The way I see things is that believing in God or not is what really distinguishes people.  For example,  If you do not believe in God than we are just really smart Apes!!  So what right do we have to take land away from other animals or kill them or make them our slaves?  If you do believe in God than you believe all animals were created for us and we have rights that they don&#8217;t have like the right to not be killed.     </p>
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		<title>By: Radiatidon</title>
		<link>http://www.damninteresting.com/extinction-of-the-passenger-pigeons/#comment-16366</link>
		<dc:creator>Radiatidon</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 19 Jul 2007 21:18:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.damninteresting.com/?p=603#comment-16366</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&#039;quote&#039;&gt;Prince said: &quot;why are they called passenger pigeons?&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
I wondered this myself.  So I looked up the scientific name for this creature.  It is Ectopistes Migratorius.  The breakdown of the Latin is as follows – Ecto means “outside” while piste is Italian for “trail”.  Thus you could say that Ectopistes roughly translates to wanderer.  Now the second word Migratorius is Latin that translates as “to move or change location periodically.”

So why is it called/described by this name as the migratory wanderer.  As noted in the article the population of a single flock could deplete the resources of anyone area in a short time, so a new nesting ground would have to be found.  This is a classic example of a species out-of-control.  As noted by another poster the scientific community believes, based on evidence (or lack thereof, of pigeon remains in pre-European Native American communities.  With such an easy and plentiful food source, there should have been heaps of pigeon bones in community offal or fire pits, which there is not.  There are signs of other birds and small animals though) that this animal flourished due to the demise of its main predator.

Anyway the flock would have no main nesting ground as other migratory birds do.  Thus would wander from site-to-site, which is unusual for an avian. This still did not clear up the name for me.  So I explored the various European groups and discovered that the French called them “Pigeón de passage&quot; that translates into Pigeon of passage, which they referred to them due to the astounding number of birds in the sky at anytime.  English speakers later mispronounced the name as the Passenger Pigeon.
&lt;/p&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span class='quote'>Prince said: &#8220;why are they called passenger pigeons?&#8221;</span></p>
<p>
I wondered this myself.  So I looked up the scientific name for this creature.  It is Ectopistes Migratorius.  The breakdown of the Latin is as follows – Ecto means “outside” while piste is Italian for “trail”.  Thus you could say that Ectopistes roughly translates to wanderer.  Now the second word Migratorius is Latin that translates as “to move or change location periodically.”</p>
<p>So why is it called/described by this name as the migratory wanderer.  As noted in the article the population of a single flock could deplete the resources of anyone area in a short time, so a new nesting ground would have to be found.  This is a classic example of a species out-of-control.  As noted by another poster the scientific community believes, based on evidence (or lack thereof, of pigeon remains in pre-European Native American communities.  With such an easy and plentiful food source, there should have been heaps of pigeon bones in community offal or fire pits, which there is not.  There are signs of other birds and small animals though) that this animal flourished due to the demise of its main predator.</p>
<p>Anyway the flock would have no main nesting ground as other migratory birds do.  Thus would wander from site-to-site, which is unusual for an avian. This still did not clear up the name for me.  So I explored the various European groups and discovered that the French called them “Pigeón de passage&#8221; that translates into Pigeon of passage, which they referred to them due to the astounding number of birds in the sky at anytime.  English speakers later mispronounced the name as the Passenger Pigeon.</p>
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		<title>By: Gortlesnort</title>
		<link>http://www.damninteresting.com/extinction-of-the-passenger-pigeons/#comment-15569</link>
		<dc:creator>Gortlesnort</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 12 Jun 2007 16:56:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.damninteresting.com/?p=603#comment-15569</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;I think there are still some Passenger Pigeons out there. I think we underestimated the adaptability of the species and some migrated to remote locations, and I don&#039;t think anyone&#039;s been looking really hard for the last 70 years or so.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I think there are still some Passenger Pigeons out there. I think we underestimated the adaptability of the species and some migrated to remote locations, and I don&#8217;t think anyone&#8217;s been looking really hard for the last 70 years or so.</p>
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